Book chapter from the ERA Chair and collaborators from Estonian University of Life Sciences published in the book Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Circular Bioeconomy: Technologies for Biofuels and Biochemicals. The authors focus on latest developments and future perspectives of integrated thermochemical and biochemical processes for the production of biofuels and biochemicals. More specifically, integration of pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification processes with fermentation and anaerobic digestion are discussed together with economic analysis towards a circular bioeconomy.